![]() For Helen Kezie-Nwoha, an African feminist peace activist, one key aspect of “feminist peace” is the absence of structural violence-pervasive forms of violence built into social structures and institutions. Īctivists and scholars point to a gendered dimension of peace. It further expands the definition of positive peace, describing it as an active condition that comprises “the attitudes, institutions, and structures which create and sustain peaceful societies.” Alternately, the research organization Everyday Peace Indicators takes a bottom-up, participatory approach in which communities define and measure peace for themselves. The Institute for Economics and Peace, an Australian think tank, publishes an annual Positive Peace Index that tracks key drivers of peace by country. Positive peace is defined by what is there: the presence of social justice, of equality, and of harmonious social relations. Negative peace, he wrote, is defined by what is not there: the absence of violence and of war. tension, but the presence of justice.” Johan Galtung, the founder of peace studies, described negative and positive forms of peace in 1964, in the first issue of the Journal of Peace Research. said, “True peace is not merely the absence of. In 1956 the American civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr. As an ideal, peace can inspire and clarify principles. Peace can be internally or externally focused. ![]()
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